What is the deadline to sue someone (prescription) in the Philippines?
Last updated: 2026-07-11 · Educational content; not legal advice.
Short answer
The deadline to file — called prescription — depends on the kind of claim, under Articles 1144–1146 of the Civil Code (RA 386). An action on a written contract, an obligation created by law, or a court judgment prescribes in 10 years; an action on an oral contract or a quasi-contract, in 6 years; and an action for injury to your rights or a quasi-delict (like negligence), in 4 years. If the period lapses before you file, your right to sue is generally lost, so it is safest to act well before the deadline.
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Frequently asked
How long do I have to sue on a loan or written contract?
Ten years from the time the cause of action accrues, under Article 1144 of the Civil Code, for an action based on a written contract, an obligation created by law, or a judgment.
What about an oral agreement?
Six years, under Article 1145, for an action upon an oral contract or a quasi-contract. Because oral terms are harder to prove, filing well within the period is important.
What is the deadline for damages from negligence or an injury to my rights?
Four years, under Article 1146, for an action based on injury to the rights of the plaintiff or a quasi-delict (fault or negligence not arising from contract). Special statutes may set their own shorter periods, so check the law governing your specific claim.
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