Public Record — Congress of the Philippines (statutes)
Court decisions, regulator orders, and major news-documented incidents involving Congress of the Philippines (statutes). Every entry cites a primary government source or independent news coverage. LabanPH does not editorialize — we aggregate public records.
RA 11765: Financial Products and Services Consumer Protection Act
Republic Act No. 11765, signed 6 May 2022, established the Financial Products and Services Consumer Protection Act. The statute grants BSP, SEC, IC and CDA enforcement authority over financial-consumer-protection violations by their supervised institutions, including the power to issue cease-and-desist orders, impose fines, restitution, disgorgement of profits, and disqualify officers. It codifies consumer rights to equitable treatment, transparency, fair-dealing, financial education, complaint handling, and data privacy across financial products and services.
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RA 9474: Lending Company Regulation Act of 2007
Republic Act No. 9474, signed 22 May 2007, governs the establishment and operation of lending companies in the Philippines. It requires lending companies to register with the Securities and Exchange Commission and obtain a Certificate of Authority before commencing operations, prescribes minimum paid-up capital, regulates interest-rate disclosure, and imposes penalties for violations including operating without authority. The Act is a primary basis for SEC enforcement action against unregistered online lending platforms.
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RA 8556: Financing Company Act of 1998
Republic Act No. 8556, signed 26 February 1998, defines and regulates financing companies that extend credit through the discounting of receivables, leasing, and consumer financing. It requires SEC registration and the issuance of a Certificate of Authority, prescribes minimum paid-up capital, and sets disclosure rules for finance charges. The Act, together with RA 9474, frames the SEC's authority over non-bank lending entities.
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PD 114: Pawnshop Regulation Act
Presidential Decree No. 114, issued 29 January 1973, regulates the establishment and operation of pawnshops in the Philippines. The decree places pawnshops under the supervision of the Central Bank (now Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas), defines pawn ticket requirements, sets recordkeeping obligations, and prescribes the basis for the auction or redemption of pledged goods. It remains the foundational pawnshop statute, supplemented by BSP circulars under the Manual of Regulations for Non-Bank Financial Institutions.
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RA 4200: Anti-Wiretapping Act
Republic Act No. 4200, approved 19 June 1965, prohibits the secret recording of any private communication or spoken word without the consent of all parties to the communication. It also makes inadmissible any evidence obtained in violation of the Act. Philippine jurisprudence consistently requires consent of all parties — there is no general 'one-party' or 'party-to-call' exception. Borrowers recording calls with debt collectors must understand this requirement before relying on a recording as evidence.
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RA 386: Civil Code of the Philippines (Articles 19, 20, 21)
Republic Act No. 386, approved 18 June 1949, is the Civil Code of the Philippines. Articles 19, 20 and 21 — known as the abuse-of-rights doctrine — provide that 'every person must, in the exercise of his rights and in the performance of his duties, act with justice, give everyone his due, and observe honesty and good faith,' and that any willful or negligent act causing damage to another contrary to law or morals creates an obligation to indemnify the injured party. These articles are the standard civil-law basis for damages claims arising from abusive debt-collection or harassment.
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Act No. 3815: Revised Penal Code (Article 315 — Estafa / Swindling)
Act No. 3815, approved 8 December 1930, is the Revised Penal Code of the Philippines. Article 315 defines and penalizes estafa (swindling) — defrauding another by abuse of confidence, false pretenses, or fraudulent means — including by misappropriation of money or property received in trust, on commission, or for administration. It is one of the criminal-law bases cited when a lender, pawnshop or remittance agent unlawfully retains, misappropriates, or refuses to return amounts owed to a customer.
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